The Theory of the Function of Sleep Essay - 1147 Words

The Theory of the Function of Sleep One theory of sleep is the Restoration theory proposed by Oswald et al in 1966, which suggests that the function of sleep, especially REM sleep is to restore the energy levels and to repair the brain and body. Restoration can be physical and psychological. Physical restoration indicates that sleep is necessary to restore biological processes in the body through REM sleep and Stage 4/NREM sleep. NREM sleep is when the bodys processes are restored such as hormone levels and REM sleep is when the brains processes are restored, such as protein synthesis. Psychological restoration says that sleep is a vital function as it restores psychological functions and helps†¦show more content†¦Adam and Oswald supported this, because they found that tissue restoration such as cell repair occurred during this sleep. Also Shapiro et al (1981) found that people taking part in a 57 mile ultra marathon slept longer than normal people the next two nights and spend longer in the Stage 4 of sle ep in order to give time for their body to recover. However this study is not very reliable because it has also been found that inactivity does not reduce the need for sleep, because Ryback et al (1971) found no change in the sleep required by people who spent six weeks in bed. This suggests that sleep is not only for restoration because otherwise people would have to sleep even less when they havent done any exercise. There is also little evidence to suggest a lot of exercise makes you sleep longer the only difference is to appears to be that people fall asleep faster. Horne and Milard found that when participants were given exhausting tasks to do and the only difference was that they fell asleep faster; therefore this implies that sleep does not have a restorative function. It has also been found that stage 4 sleep declines with age possibly due to the lack of growth hormone needed. The effects of a lack of stage 4Show MoreRelatedThe Theory, The Energy Conservation Theory1419 Word s   |  6 PagesIntroduction: what is sleep: Sleeping is something that most creatures of the animal kingdom have in common. A period of time where the body seemingly ceases to function. The average human is supposed to sleep 7-8 hours a day, and although this varies from species to species, the core function stays the same.The dictionary definition of sleep is â€Å"the natural state of rest during which your eyes are closed and you become unconscious†.(Sleep, n.d.) Although it seems like nothing is happening whenRead MoreThe Functions of Sleep Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Functions of Sleep FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP: #61623; Sleep has not one main function but many. #61623; A most popular theory on why we sleep is the restorative theory of sleep: #61623; Restorative Theory: the theory of sleep that states that we sleep in order to replenish the processes of our minds and bodies that are depleted during the coarse of everyday life. #61623; Increases in low wave sleep correlate with increases in physical activity #61623; During REM sleep, proteinsRead MoreWhy Do We Need Sleep?1713 Words   |  7 PagesNeed Sleep? Typed By: Miracle Taylor Regulating sleep is something our bodies do that is as natural as eating, drinking, and breathing. This implies that sleeping serves a similar role in our health and well being. Even though it is difficult to answer the question â€Å"Why do we need sleep?† scientists have developed several theories that may explain why we spend a third of our lives sleeping. Comprehending these theories can help expand our appreciation of the function of sleepRead MoreImportance of Sleep Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Sleep It has been proposed, by some, that humans do not really need to sleep, and that we do so only out of habit. However, much research would suggest otherwise. It is true that some individuals (e.g. those suffering from insomnia) are able to live on very small amounts of sleep, but nevertheless, they do need some. Studies of sleep deprivation have found that there may be severe consequences of not sleeping at. Randy Gardner, for example, went withoutRead MoreWhy Do We Have Dreams?790 Words   |  3 Pageshas still not been scientifically proven, but there are many theories and religious beliefs as to why people dream at night. Theorists, such as Sigmund Frued, devoted their time to peoples dreams and observing them while they dream and sleep. These scientists have discovered that people are most likely to dream during the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage of sleep than any other stage because the mind is more aware then. There are theories that say that dreaming can predict the future, show past memoriesRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On The Sleep Cycle1205 Words   |  5 Pageswe all need to sleep. C. I am going to present the different theories on why we sleep, the sleep cycle, a few of the different sleeping disorders, and how to sleep better. Transition: We know that everyone needs sleep but why is it actually important? II. Why is sleeping important? A. There actually isn’t any known facts on why we actually need sleep, but there is many theories. 1. According to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), the research that has been done states that sleep is required forRead MoreWhy We Sleep- The Pending Mystery 731 Words   |  3 Pagesinto the field of sleep research. However, these discoveries are still far from being complete. Considering that an individual spends about one-third of their life sleeping, there is much more that still needs to be discovered concerning this topic. General Information Sleep is basically a state of physical inactivity and mental rest in which conscious awareness, thoughts, and voluntary movements do not occur. During sleep, irregular and unpredictable dreaming also takes place. Sleep is a very activeRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep On The Human Body And Mind Requires A Regulated Sleep And Wake Cycle1729 Words   |  7 Pagesmind require a regulated sleep and wake pattern in order to naturally restore homeostasis and provide healthier functioning in regards to it’s physical, emotional, cognitive, and somatic response to it’s environment. Chronic disruptions in this sleep pattern have been found to affect 10% to 18% of the general American population, while it has been found to affect 50%-80% of the American psychiatric population. The most common mental illnesses that suffer from chronic sleep/wake disruptions includeRead MoreThe Theory And Its Effect On Sleep933 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch has been generated on sleep and why it occur s, with results suggesting that dreaming may partially explain the phenomenon. Though results have failed to discover the primary function of sleep, they have unveiled dreaming as a secondary function, which despite not being fundamental for survival possesses a great deal of utility nonetheless. While the primary function of dreaming, much like the primary function of sleep, remains ambiguous; a number of theories and empirical studies have proposedRead MoreWhy Do We Sleep?1227 Words   |  5 PagesEvery day I wake up and every night I sleep. My curiosity always wanted to know why do we have to sleep? Some say that we sleep because we do it for energy. However, I never understood that because food and nutrients give us energy. So won’t that mean as long as we are always getting food and nutrients, we will have energy? That really perplexed me. I felt like the energy reason was not sufficient enough. However, I do know that when we sleep it gives our body time to recover. Th at is plausible,

Essay on Romantic Contradiction in the Poetry of John Donne

Romantic Contradiction in the Poetry of John Donne John Donnes poem Elegy 19: To His Mistress Going to Bed is closely related to The Sun Rising in its treatment of love, lust, and togetherness. Both discuss and argue different stances on the same topics, but are united by their language and development. The structure of Elegy 19 and use of poetic techniques relate it directly and indirectly to The Sun Rising. In Elegy 19, there are forty-eight lines of adoration of the mistress of the title; this poem is full of reverence, veneration, and respect for the female form. In passages such as Your gown going off, such beauteous state reveals As when from flowery meads th hills shadow steals or perhaps†¦show more content†¦The structure of the poem also helps to deliver his message, his plea for passion. It is directly addressed to his mistress, which is evidenced by the opening lines Come, Madam, come, all rest my powers defy. This simple structure, with a plain couplet rhyme scheme and unusual, uneven meter, makes Donnes message very easy to convey; he could not have expressed such a theme so easily in a sonnet or other such constricting form. Instead, he can directly address his subject, and use any amount of space and time to bring forth his ideas, at his own leisure. He is also afforded, through this ease of form, the usage of whatever language he pleases; not only is his language free and spontaneous, but his manner of speech is freed from more elevated forms of diction which would be most inappropriate to use in such as address; his mistress, as most women of Donnes class were at the time, was most likely illiterate and uneducated. These elements are also found in The Sun Rising, but with definite differences. The free structure has been replaced with three ten-line stanzas, and the direct address has been replaced with an indirect address; instead of speaking directly to his mistress, he addresses the sun about his mistress. This poem is also bawdy underneath a romantic overcoat. If the woman referenced in the poem is within hearing distance, then it becomes startlingly romantic, with lines suchShow MoreRelatedTHE MAIN FEATURES OF THE METAPHYSICAL POETRY ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN DONNE1637 Words   |  7 Pages THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE METAPHYSICAL POETRY ILLUSTRATED BY JOHN DONNE The term metaphysical poetry is used to describe a certain type of 17th century poetry. Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man. It means that the poetry is about showing knowledge and thoughts from different areas of experience, especially about love, romantic and sensual; about mans relationship with God and about pleasure, learning and art. Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1267 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare s Romeo and Juliet variously links to the poetry; The Flea , by John Donne, Valentine , by Carol Ann Duffy, and Sonnet 116 , by Shakespeare. The first association is through theme, as Sonnet 116 demonstrates the importance of eternal love and through situation, such as how Valentine ends with violent imagery, so does the play. Another way in which the drama links to the poetry is by character, Romeo and the protagonist of The Flea convey characteristics of a courtlyRead More Sexuality in John Donnes The Flea Essay1221 Words   |  5 Pages A Reading of John Donnes The Flea It is common to ascribe to Donne the status of archetypal logical poet- a man whose works are tightly crafted, confident, and certain in their application of metaphor and analogy. True enough, Donne’s poem seems to suggest a certain self-security: we see a tight, predictable rhyme scheme, and an ordered structure. There is also arguably a wealth of rhetorical resources - Donne does not shy away from using the lexis of the military (â€Å"triumph’st†), the medicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Annabel Lee By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1989 Words   |  8 Pagesvalediction; Forbidding Mourning† by John Donne the narrator is accepting of the goodbye because he knows that spiritually they and their love will always be together. The contrasting events that take place are the tragic events after their loved ones being lost, which shows the difference in personalities from authors Poe and Donne and how they view love after a separation. Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, editor, and literary critic. He is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularlyRead MorePoems with Theme with Life and Death and Their Analysis8446 Words   |  34 Pagesoften rhythmic, ways to form the literature called poetry. Poetry, like all literature, attempts to communicate an author’s emotional and philosophical responses to his or her own existence and to the surrounding world. It is an expression of what is thought and felt, rather what is known as fact. Nature and Use: Poetry is much harder to define, though it is perhaps more recognizable than other literary forms. In print poetry has a markedly different appearance from other typesRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagess inner feelings emphasis on the imagination over reason and intuition over facts urbanization versus nostalgia for nature burden of the Puritan past Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · literary tale character sketch slave narratives, political novels poetry transcendentalism Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · helps instill proper gender behavior for men and women fuels the abolitionist movement allow people to re-imagine the American past Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · expansion of magazines, newspapers, and bookRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesmoral principle. 2. alliteration: repetition of initial consonant sounds. It serves to please the ear and bind verses together, to make lines more memorable, and for humorous effect. †¢ Already American vessels had been searched, seized, and sunk. -John F. Kennedy †¢ I should like to hear him fly with the high fields/ And wake to the farm forever fled from the childless land. -Dylan Thomas, â€Å"Fern Hill† 3. allusion: A casual reference in literature to a person, place, event, or another passage ofRead MoreWhy Do We Get Married7407 Words   |  30 Pagesof society plus - very important - sex on a regular basis. Of course what they said was that they married for love. We all meant it - well, most of us meant it - when we said we married for love, and we knew what kind of love that ought to be: Romantic love. And lustful love. And tender love. And giddy love. And you are my one true love, my destiny. And love-song love. And movie love. And happily-ever-after love. And baby, baby, you belong to me, so let the beguine begin because I ve got you under

English 0990 Reality tv free essay sample

In â€Å"The Distorting Mirror of Reality TV† written by Sarah Coleman, says that the producers have a distorting mirror to us as viewers. All producers distort all stereotypes and want the viewers to know what life is really like because of human diversity. Coleman states that the producers choose particular contestants, and the producers are making the chosen contestants are playing particular characters that the producers want them to be Coleman states â€Å"For ethnic minorities, old people, the unbeautiful, and the disabled, the message is harsh even in â€Å"reality† you don’t exist. †(pg 207) In addition to reality TV shows having all villains also helps the producers find exotic locations. â€Å"In reality TV, every character is a villain. †(pg 207), Coleman states. Reality TV according to Coleman is viewed as â€Å"One man for themselves† and she says this well when she writes â€Å" By eliminating one contestant each week, the show offers us a symbolic form of public execution. We will write a custom essay sample on English 0990 Reality tv or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †(pg208)This is distorting because it shows once again human diversity. After all its not us that is being eliminated so it does not really matter who gets eliminated because we are still able to see the show and this is what keeps the viewers watching the reality shows, which offers us the symbolic form of public execution. On the contrary is the mirror of reality TV showing us the viewers what real life is about because of what reality TV shows people in society. The producers of Reality TV shows society that anyone will do anything for money and fame no matter how ugly and nasty they have to be to get it, they are determined to do whatever it takes. Coleman says this best when she says â€Å"Not are the shows’ producers the only cynics in this game. With winners appearing everywhere from playboy to lip-salve commercials, and sore losers suing producers for alleged results-fixing, it seems everyone is exploiting everyone here. † (pg208)

Introduction and Conclusion Strategies free essay sample

Increasing self confident, adding friends and partner, correcting verbal and non-verbal immunization, having experience to face unexpected situation to speak inferno of public, increasing achievement in career, and delivering opinion. Speech as a part of communication has its own structure in order to make the ideas can be transferred easily. Furthermore Else and Paperbacks (1970, p. 28-30) noted that plot structure of speech Include three separate but Integrated parts : the beginning, middle, and end. Abstract part contains of the overview of the speech and gives the audience a sense of what they are going to receive.Body contains of materials that orator is going to liver for the audience, and conclusion contains of summarize of the speech. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some sections receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. For instance, Lucas (2009) points out that the first priority In audiences attention Is abstract. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction and Conclusion Strategies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In abstract section, orator can gain the highest attention of the audience because they are most ready to be informed, persuaded, and entertained.The second priority is conclusion because the listener might hope an inspiring closing which can change their life. The last priority is body because the attention of listener will up and down in this section. The introduction and conclusion part appear in every speech because most of the listeners give their attention In Introduction and conclusion, orator needs to consider some strategies of Introduction and conclusion to grab attention of the audience to make his/ her speech can be delivered easily.Lucas (2009) talked about 4 kinds of strategies in introduction of speech, that is relating the topic to the audience, stating the importance of your topic, startling the audience, arousing the curiosity odd audience, asking the audience, using a quotation, and telling a story. He also mentioned 6 kinds of strategies In conclusion of speech, that is signaling the end of the speech, reinforcing the central Idea, summarizing speech, ending with quotation, making a dramatic statement, and referring to the Introduction.Astute (201 1 ) also talked about 7 kinds odd strategies in introduction of speech, that is using grabber, telling a Joke, using quotation, telling a story, using games, using statistic data, and using visual aids. She also mentioned 5 kinds of strategies in conclusion of speech, hat are summarizing each point in body section, making a clear and brief closing sentence, using a rhetorical question, using a quotation, making a repeated statement. Barack Obama deliver more than one speech In a day using many kind of his speeches in order to make sure that his idea can be delivered clearly.It is very interesting that every single word from his speech become a topic to persuade many people because Barack Obama also used those strategies. His speech i n every occasion become an attention of people in many countries. Thornton wrote in arteriosclerosis. Com about the analysis of Beams speech, miss We Can . He analyzed beams speech and found that Obama used an arousing the audiences curiosity in his introduction by giving a sentence which told the audience that there is something that must be changed. This strategy refer to the introduction strategy by Lucas.Obama also used anecdotes to deliver the problems of his speech by using an anecdote about Dunking Donuts employee refer to the problem of human resounding. This strategies refer to the strategy by Astute. Based on the literature and explanation review above, the writer is interested in analyzing the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches entitle The Analysis of Introduction and Conclusion Strategies Used in Beams Speeches 2. Problem The problem formulation of this final report are as follows: * What are the introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches? . Purpose and benefit The purpose of this writing is : * To know about the introduction and conclusion used in Beams speeches. The benefit of this final report are : * To enlarge the writers knowledge about introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speeches. * To give contribution to English Department about the introduction and conclusion strategies in speech. To be a useful reference in analyzing introduction and conclusion strategies used in Beams speech. 4.In the other hand, Silage (2009) define public speaking as communication practice of a speaker sharing ideas with an conclude that public speaking is a communication technique of sharing ideas in front of people through speech in order to deliver information or alter someones view or opinions. B. Speech Types Tone (2010) states that speech has 4 different types based on its purpose : persuasive speech, informative speech, inspiration speech, and entertaining speech. * Persuasive speech means that the primary purpose is to influence the thinking or behavior of the audience.In order for the audience to be willing to listen to you they have to like you, respect you and trust you. They must be able to identify with you in some way and you have to give them a reason why they should listen to what you have to say. * Informative speech means that the purpose is to teach the audience something new or to expand their existing knowledge. It may mean exposing them to a topic or idea they know nothing about, showing them how to use a piece of equipment, or helping them learn a new skill. Inspiration speech means that the repose of an inspirational speech is to ask your audience to improve in one of several ways, personally, emotionally, professionally, or spiritually. The inspirational speaker relies more on emotional appeal than logical appeal. The speaker is attempting to connect with the individual listeners feelings. The speaker explains why and how the situation is changing or why their current emotions, fears or goals may be inadequate or counterproductive. Inspirational speakers motivate the audience and challenge them to do more at a higher level and specify the benefits they can expect if they do so.Entertaining speech means that the speaker will present a serious point in low-key humorous key. The speaker needs to be a showman when he/she is doing an entertaining speech. If its supposed to be humorous then your attitude must be fun and lighthearted. The speakers primary goal is to make sure that the audience has a great time. C. The structure of Speech Lucas (2009) states that there are 3 parts in structure of speech, there are abstract, body, and conclusion. Each parts have different function in speech.The abstract part contains of an introduction of the topic of the speech. The body part is the longest ND detailed part in speech, it is contains of the supporting materials related to the topic. The conclusion contains of the summary of the topic. Penthouse each part has their own important points, but some section receive more attention than others section because of the way people listen. Lucas (2009) indicates that listeners have the following priorities: * First priority Abstract : You can count on listeners greatest physical and mental attention at the outset of the speech.They are most ready to be informed, persuaded, or entertained. Use this opportunity to create a good impression and dont squander the chance. Second priority Conclusion : You have the second highest attention at the end of the speech. The audience wants the true sense of ending. On a more basic level, they may hoping for an inspiring close because they alienist plain tired of sitting. * Third priority Body : You have the listeners lowest attention in the middle of the speech. It is not that the listener focused as they are at beginning and end.D. Introduction According to Nordstrom, introduction is the opening of essay and speech, which typically identifies the topic, arouses interest, and prepares the audience for the velveteen of thesis. Introduction plays a special role in making essay or speech skill. In making essay, introduction needs much of writers attention. A good introduction in essay should identify the topic, provide essential context, and indicate the particular focus of the essay. These important points also need to be considered in speech.There are four important function of introduction in speech, it is gain the attention and interest of the audience, gain the goodwill of the audience, clearly state the purpose of the speech for the audience, and preview the speech for audience. The first two function is to make the audience want to listen to the orator and the other two function is to help the audience listen to the orator. By seeing the importance of introduction in speech, some expert such as Stephen Lucas and Astute point out several strategies that can be used by an orator to make their introduction become more interesting for the audience. E.The Introduction strategies in Speech Lucas (2009) points out 1 1 introduction strategies used in speech, they are: 1. Get attention and interest In a process of getting attention and interest from the audience, there are several tragedies which help the audience to caught up in your speech, they are: a. Relate the topic to the audience People pay attention to the things that affect them directly. If you can relate the topic to the audience, they are much more to be interested in it. B. State the importance of your topic Begin the speech by telling the audience how important the topic that you are going to deliver. . Startle the audience One surefire way to arouse interest quickly is to startle the audience with an arresting or intriguing statement. D. Arouse the curiosity of the audience One way to draw them into your speech is with a series of statements that progressively whet their curiosity about the subject of the speech. E. Question the audience Asking a rhetorical question which is meaningful and firmly related to the speech is another way to get your listener thinking about your speech. F. Begin with quotation Another way to arouse the interest of the audience is to start with using a well known or famous quotation.You might choose your quotation from Shakespeare or Confucius, Bible, poem, song, or film. G. Tell a story You can use a provocative, amusing, dramatic or suspenseful story to begin our beech. The story should also be clearly relevant to the main topic of speech. 2. Reveal the story In the process of introduction, be sure to state clearly the topic of your speech. If you do not, your listener will be confused. And once they are confuse, your chances of goodwill Credibility is mostly a matter of being qualified to speak an a given topic and being perceived as qualified by your listeners.The credibility can come from reading, classes, interview, friends, and other sources. Goodwill is showing the audience the reputation of the speaker while the speaker should also defuse the hostility right at he start of the speech. 4. Preview the body of speech One way to help the audience caught up the topic of the speech, we can show them the preview of the body of the speech. You can use some preview statement such as definition and background which can be understood by the audience. Astute (2011) also points out several strategies in introduction part of the speech : 1.Punch (1998) states that qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of number. Robinson (2010) states that description method, as opposed to an experimental or normative method, develops knowledge by describing observed situation, events, and object. In this report, the writer will use this method to describe the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama in his speech. 3. Method of collecting data The writer will use document analysis as method of collecting data.The writer will analyze the speech transcript of Obama, classifying the introduction and conclusion part in every speech, and finding the introduction and conclusion strategy that is used by Obama. 4. Method of data analysis In analyzing the data, the writer used following steps: 1. Collecting Barack Beams speech transcripts 2. Reading the Barack Beams speech transcripts 3. Classifying the introduction and conclusion part in Beams speeches. 4. Deciding the introduction and conclusion strategy used by Obama. 5. Counting the total of each strategy used by Obama.